Vascular malformations are abnormal clusters of blood vessels that can occur anywhere in the body. They can affect the skin, muscles, bones, and internal organs. These malformations can be classified into three types: arteriovenous, capillary, and venous. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterized by a tangle of abnormal blood vessels that bypass normal blood flow. They can occur in any part of the body, but are most commonly found in the brain and spinal cord. AVMs can cause severe symptoms such as seizures, headaches, and bleeding. Capillary malformations, also known as port-wine stains, are flat, pink or purple marks on the skin that are caused by dilated capillaries. They are usually benign, but can be cosmetically disturbing. Venous malformations are characterized by dilated and distorted veins. They can occur in any part of the body but are most commonly found in the limbs. These malformations can cause pain, swelling, and skin discoloration. Vascular malformations can be diagnosed through various imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound. Treatment options vary depending on the type and location of the malformation. Surgical removal or embolization (blocking the blood flow) are the most common treatments for AVMs. Laser therapy and medication can be used to treat capillary malformations. Sclerotherapy (injecting a solution into the malformation to shrink it) and compression therapy can be used to treat venous malformations. It's important to consult a specialist in vascular malformations, either a vascular surgeon or a interventional radiologist, to determine the best treatment option for an individual case. In summary, vascular malformations are abnormal clusters of blood vessels that can occur anywhere in the body and are classified into three types: arteriovenous, capillary, and venous. They can cause a range of symptoms and can be treated through various methods such as surgery, embolization, laser therapy, medication and compression therapy.