Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphomas. Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss and tiredness. Other symptoms may include bone pain, chest pain or itchiness.

The overall 5-year relative survival rate for people with NHL is 72%. But it's important to keep in mind that survival rates can vary widely for different types and stages of lymphoma.

NHL actually represents a group of different cancers. Doctors will diagnose over 74,000 people with NHL in 2018, and almost 20,000 people will die of NHL in the United States. There are several subtypes of NHL, each requiring different treatments.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is cancer that originates in your lymphatic system, the disease-fighting network spread throughout your body. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, tumors develop from lymphocytes — a type of white blood cell. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more common than the other general type of lymphoma — Hodgkin lymphoma.

Hodgkin's lymphoma is recognized as one of the most treatable cancers, with over 90% of patients surviving more than five years. Non-Hodgkin's, however, often arises in various parts of the body. It can surface in similar lymph nodes as Hodgkin's lymphoma, or even in the groin and abdomen.

Adjuvant chemotherapy (therapy after surgery has removed all visible cancer) may last 4-6 months. Adjuvant chemotherapy is common in cancers of the breast and colon. In cancers of the testis, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and leukemias, length of chemotherapy treatment may be up to a year.

Treatment is normally given in short daily sessions, Monday to Friday, usually for no more than 3 weeks. You shouldn't have to stay in hospital between appointments. Radiotherapy itself is painless, but it can have some significant side effects. These can vary, depending on which part of your body is being treated.

Lymphoma most often spreads to the liver, bone marrow, or lungs. Stage III-IV lymphomas are common, still very treatable, and often curable, depending on the NHL subtype. Stage III and stage IV are now considered a single category because they have the same treatment and prognosis.

Stage IV (stage 4 non-Hodgkin lymphoma): The cancer has spread to one or more tissues or organs outside the lymph system, such as the liver, lungs or bones, and may be found in lymph nodes near or far away from those organs.

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Regards,
Nicola B
Editorial Team
Journal of  Biochemistry and Biotechnology