During pregnancy, thyroid issues are common. Furthermore, thyroid dysfunction might have a negative impact on obstetric outcomes. Thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in embryonic development. Therefore, it is crucial for the health of both pregnant women and their unborn children to treat hyperthyroidism, which is most frequently brought on by Graves disease, and hypothyroidism, which in areas with enough iodine is most frequently brought on by Hashimoto thyroiditis. Pregnancy can also result in gestational transitory thyrotoxicosis, which needs to be distinguished from Graves disease. Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy are still debatable. The most common cause of hypothyroidism in the globe is iodine deficiency. Despite international attempts to eradicate iodine deficiency illnesses, pregnant women still run the danger of developing an iodine shortage since their needs for the mineral increase during pregnancy.